Category: Retina
A Case of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome in a Myopic Male
by Tyler Kitzman, OD, FAAO, Mary Theresa Taormina, OD and Halie Cottrill Kitzman, OD, FAAO | Feb 23, 2026 | Retina, Volume 4, Issue 1
This paper details a case of MEWDS in a seldom-affected gender and emphasizes the benefit of early, multimodal diagnostic imaging to confirm the…
Read MoreCase Report: Genetically Confirmed Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy and Butterfly Pattern Dystrophy in the Same Family
by Zachary Turple, OD, MSc, FAAO and Sherry J. Bass, OD, FAAO, Dipl ABO | Feb 20, 2026 | Featured Article, Retina, Volume 4, Issue 1
Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) is a relatively common inherited retinal disease caused by one of hundreds of known mutations in the…
Read MorePhoto Essay: Sclerochoroidal Calcifications
by Rachele Liette, OD, Pete Thomas Liette, OD, FAAO and Brett Garee OD, MS, FAAO | Nov 12, 2025 | Photo Essay, Retina, Volume 3, Issue 4
Sclerochoroidal calcifications are uncommon, benign choroidal lesions of calcific deposition occurring at the oblique extraocular muscle insertion.
Read MoreA Crystal Conundrum: Differential Diagnoses for Crystalline Retinopathy and Features of OCT Angiography in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2
by Neil Hecker, OD, MS, FAAO and Joann Cherian, OD, FAAO, Dipl ABO | Nov 11, 2025 | Retina, Volume 3, Issue 4
Macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 frequently presents with intraretinal crystals along with the characteristic abnormal vessel development.
Read MorePhoto Essay – A Spiral Illusion: An Atypical Presentation of Schlaegel Lines
by Theresa Jay, OD, FAAO, Steve Njeru, OD, MS, FAAO and Melissa Chen, OD | Aug 19, 2025 | Photo Essay, Retina, Volume 3, Issue 3
This case describes an unusual spiral pattern of Schlaegel lines in a patient with inactive multifocal choroiditis. Although most often associated with…
Read MoreNavigating Choroidal Folds: A Comprehensive Approach for the Primary Care Optometrist
by Vincent Chan, OD, ABCMO | Aug 15, 2025 | Retina, Volume 3, Issue 3
Choroidal folds are a key indicator of ocular or systemic pathology, with their typical horizontal orientation reflecting underlying anatomical and…
Read MoreParadoxical Progression in Nerve Fiber Analysis from Peripapillary Retinoschisis
by Jamie Wang, OD and Shephali Patel OD, MS, FAAO | Aug 15, 2025 | Retina, Volume 3, Issue 3
Peripapillary retinoschisis (PPRS) can cause fluctuations in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; thus, the spontaneous resolution of PPRS can mimic…
Read MoreAnemic Retinopathy Secondary to Babesiosis Infection
by James P Smith, OD, MS, FAAO, ABCMO, Maria Ennamorati, OD and Laura.Dowd, OD, FAAO | Aug 14, 2025 | Retina, Volume 3, Issue 3
Babesiosis can cause hemolytic anemia through both infectious and autoimmune processes. Anemic retinopathy can occur due to Babesiosis and…
Read MorePseudoxanthoma Elasticum and Angioid Streaks
by Sweta Das, OD, FAAO, Sherry J. Bass, OD, FAAO, Dipl ABO and Sara Weidmayer, OD, FAAO, ABCMO | May 26, 2025 | Retina, Systemic Disease, Volume 3, Issue 2
PXE is a critical multisystem disease that often presents with readily visible dermatologic manifestations and clinically typical fundus exam findings…
Read MoreBenign Yellow Dot Maculopathy
by Jade Liu, OD, FAAO, Andrea L. Murphy, OD, FAAO, Diplomate ABO, Jeremy Saxon, OD and Richard Frick, OD, FAAO | May 19, 2025 | Retina, Volume 3, Issue 2
This case of Benign Yellow Dot Maculopathy represents a unique phenotype that has limited coverage in existing literature. To date, only 48 cases…
Read MoreGuess the Disease: When the Great Masquerader Unveils Its Disguise
by Shelly Kim, OD, FAAO | Feb 18, 2025 | Featured Article, Guess the Disease, Retina, Systemic Disease, Volume 3, Issue 1
A 49-year-old white man presented to the eye clinic due to sudden-onset scotoma in the right eye. The scotoma was inferior to fixation. He noticed it…
Read MoreAssessing Risk of Neovascular Sequelae in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
by Ethan Wohlgemuth, OD, FAAO and Molly Brawdy, BHSc, OD | Feb 18, 2025 | Retina, Volume 3, Issue 1
Differentiation between ischemic and non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusions provides valuable information regarding visual prognosis and risk of…
Read MorePost-operative Hypotony And Choroidal Effusion Following Cataract Surgery Suture Removal
by Jenna Koskey, OD, FAAO, Dipl. ABO | Nov 17, 2024 | Cataract, Retina, Volume 2, Issue 4
Ocular hypotony can occur for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to ocular inflammation, glaucoma filtration surgery, or trauma…
Read MoreHyperviscosity-Related Retinopathy and Serous Macular Detachment in WaldenstrÓ§m Macroglobulinemia Managed With Zanubrutinib
by Andrew J. Crist, OD, FAAO and Ravneet K. Meeta, OD | Aug 19, 2024 | Retina, Systemic Disease, Volume 2, Issue 3
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is an uncommon lymphoproliferative B-cell disorder characterized by overproduction of monoclonal…
Read MoreMultimodal Imaging in the Diagnosis of Solar Retinopathy Secondary to Viewing Solar Eclipse with Inadequate Eye Protection
by Sarah Rogers, OD, FAAO | Aug 7, 2024 | Retina, Volume 2, Issue 3
Multimodal imaging and a thorough case history can aid in the diagnosis of solar maculopathy. OCT and fundus autofluorescence can identify small…
Read MoreManagement of a Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm
by Amy Knapke, OD, FAAO | May 15, 2024 | Retina, Volume 2, Issue 2
While patients with RAMs are often asymptomatic, providers must be able to clinically differentiate them from other retinal conditions so they can manage and counsel patients appropriately. This case report reviews the anatomical features, risk factors, clinical course, pathophysiology, and treatment options for potential sequelae of a RAM.
Read MoreThe Phenomenon of Quiescent Tomographically-Detected Macular Neovascularization
by Leslie Wilderson, OD, FAAO | May 7, 2024 | Macular Degeneration, Retina, Volume 2, Issue 2
Macular neovascularization (MNV) is a pathophysiological precursor to local tissue destruction. Age-related macular degeneration is the predominant disease for MNV incidence. The spectrum of macular neovascular morphologies can be studied with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging and observed for vision-threatening activity.
Read MoreHighlighting hypertriglyceridemia with a case of lipemia retinalis
by Emily Humphreys, OD, FAAO and Thomas Andrea OD, FAAO | Feb 24, 2024 | Retina, Systemic Disease, Volume 2, Issue 1
Severe hypertriglyceridemia can transiently cause the appearance of a salmon-colored fundus with creamy vessels which is known as lipemia retinalis
Read MoreDiagnosing Macular Telangiectasia Type 2
by Pete Thomas Liette, OD, FAAO, Brett Garee OD, MS, FAAO and Rachele Liette, OD | Feb 23, 2024 | Retina, Volume 2, Issue 1
MacTel type 2 is the most common subtype that results in atrophic changes and sometimes subretinal neovascularization (SRN). This case report will focus on a patient with MacTel type 2 and the management and treatment options pertinent to the case.
Read MoreTorpedo Maculopathy
by Adam Provost, OD | Feb 23, 2024 | Retina, Volume 2, Issue 1
Torpedo maculopathy is a rare condition resulting in malformation of the outer retina. These lesions are often asymptomatic and found incidentally during routine eye examination. Although typically benign, there are rare reports of associated complications requiring treatment. Appropriate monitoring is thus required.
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Our Authors
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Annmarie Craig, MD is the Chief Ophthalmology Resident at BronxCare Health System. She earned her MD from Wayne State University…
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Dr. Rett is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Medical Optometry and the secretary for the American Board of Certification…
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Dr. Carr is a 2016 PCO graduate and completed residency in 2017 at the Wilmington VA Medical Center in Wilmington,…
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Dr. Canellos is a full-time faculty member of SUNY State College of Optometry. She is an Associate Clinical Professor, Instructor…
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Dr. Kane graduated from New England College of Optometry in 2015 and went on to complete an ocular disease/primary care…
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Dr. Klute owns and practices at Good Life Eyecare, a multi-location practice in Eastern Nebraska and Western Iowa. He is…
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Dr. Kaitlyn Rooney earned her Doctor of Optometry degree from SUNY College of Optometry and completed her residency in Primary…
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Dr. Marlin John received his Optometric degree from SUNY College of Optometry and completed residency training in ocular disease and…
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Dr. Hecker earned his Doctor of Optometry degree from Northeastern State University Oklahoma College of Optometry in 2020 and completed…
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Dr. Rachele Liette graduated from The Ohio State College of Optometry in 2015. She practices at the Chalmer's P. Wylie…
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Dr. Tyler Kitzman is an assistant professor at Southern College of Optometry in Memphis, TN. He is currently the director…
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Zachary Turple, OD, MSc, FAAO currently serves as a staff optometrist at the Joslin Diabetes Center's Beetham Eye Institute at…
